Primitives Reference

Sequence Generation

Name	Signature	Description
ι, iota	ℤ → [n]ℤ	[0, 1, ..., n-1]
range	ℤ → ℤ → [m]ℤ	[start, ..., end-1]

Reductions

Name	Signature	Description
Σ, sum	[n]α → α	Sum elements
Π, prod	[n]α → α	Product of elements
len	[n]α → ℤ	Array length

Transformations

Name	Signature	Description
↦ (map)	[n]α → (α → β) → [n]β	Apply to each
▸ (filter)	[n]α → (α → Bool) → [m]α	Keep matching
⌿, fold	(α → β → α) → α → [n]β → α	Left fold
reverse	[n]α → [n]α	Reverse
take	ℤ → [n]α → [m]α	First k elements
drop	ℤ → [n]α → [m]α	Drop first k
⊕, ++	[n]α → [m]α → [p]α	Concatenate

Math Functions

Name	Signature
√, sqrt	F64 → F64
exp	F64 → F64
ln	F64 → F64
log10	F64 → F64
log2	F64 → F64
sin, cos, tan	F64 → F64
asin, acos, atan	F64 → F64
sinh, cosh, tanh	F64 → F64
floor, ceil, round	F64 → F64
abs	Numeric → Numeric
Γ	F64 → F64

Unicode alternatives:

√16.0                  # sqrt(16.0)
⌊3.7⌋                  # floor(3.7)
⌈3.2⌉                  # ceil(3.2)

Linear Algebra

Name	Signature	Description
·, dot	[n]F64 → [n]F64 → F64	Dot product
norm	[n]F64 → F64	Euclidean norm
matmul	[m n]F64 → [n p]F64 → [m p]F64	Matrix multiply
⍉, transpose	[m n]α → [n m]α	Transpose

Type Conversions

Name	Signature	Description
toInt	α → ℤ	Convert to integer
toFloat	α → F64	Convert to float
toChar	ℤ → Char	Integer to character
toString	α → String	Value to string
parseInt	String → ℤ	Parse integer
parseFloat	String → F64	Parse float
chars	String → [n]Char	String to characters
fromChars	[n]Char → String	Characters to string

String Operations

Name	Signature	Description
strConcat, ⧺	String → String → String	Concatenate
++	String → String → String	Concatenate (infix)

I/O

Name	Signature	Description
print	α → ()	Print with newline
readLine	() → String	Read from stdin
readFile	String → String	Read file
writeFile	String → String → ()	Write to file
⧏, readBytes	ℤ → String → [n]ℤ	Read n bytes
⧐, writeBytes	[n]ℤ → String → ()	Write bytes
▷	α → Stream/String → ()	Write operator
◁	String → String	Read file

stdout and stderr are built-in stream constants.

Bitwise Operations

Name	Signature	Description
bitand	ℤ → ℤ → ℤ	AND
bitor	ℤ → ℤ → ℤ	OR
⊻, bitxor	ℤ → ℤ → ℤ	XOR
shl	ℤ → ℤ → ℤ	Shift left (0..127)
shr	ℤ → ℤ → ℤ	Shift right (0..127)